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Microscopy-PAM **臺可以測量單細胞光合作用的熒光儀
Schreiber教授因發明PAM系列調制葉綠素熒光儀而獲得首屆光合作用協會（ISPR）創新獎

以通用控制單元PAM-Control為主機，連接顯微鏡，結合熒光配件，可以測量單個細胞或數個細胞的光合作用。

研究對象可以為浮游植物或葉綠體

研究自然水樣中的浮游植物生理活性時，一般步驟是：首先分離純化（多為顯微鏡下用毛細管挑藻），獲得純種細胞后擴大培養，然后研究其生理活性。這個過程至少需要2－3個月。而且有些在自然條件下經常發生水化/赤潮的微藻，分離后總是無法成功養活（特別是海洋甲藻）。

現在，只需取水樣回來，在顯微鏡視野中找出您感興趣的1個或幾個細胞，就可檢測它（們）的光合作用活性，省去了分離培養的步驟，大大節省了時間。對許多至今仍無法分離培養成功的藻類，也可研究其生理活性。

部分文獻

1. Bulychev AA, Kamzolkina NA, 2006. Effect of action potential on photosynthesis and spatially distributed H+ fluxes in cells and chloroplasts of Chara corallina Russian Journal of Plant Physiology 53: 1-9.

2. Ralph PJ, Larkum AWD, Kühl M, 2005. Temporal patterns in effective quantum yield of individual zooxanthellae expelled during bleaching. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 316: 17-28.

3. Pikulenko MM, Bulychev AA, 2005. Light-triggered action potentials and changes in quantum efficiency of photosystem II in Anthoceros cells Russian Journal of Plant Physiology 52: 584-590.

4. Bulychev AA, van den Wijngaard PWJ, de Boer AH, 2005. Spatial coordination of chloroplast and plasma membrane activities in chara cells and its disruption through inactivation of 14-3-3 proteins. Biochemistry (Moscow) 70: 55-61.

5. Bulychev AA, Kamzolkina NA, Rubin AB, 2005. Effect of plasmalemma electrical excitation on photosystem II activity and nonphotochemical quenching in chloroplasts of cell domains in Chara corallina. Doklady Biochemistry and Biophysics 401: 127-130.

6. Bulychev A, Wijngaard P, Boer A, 2005. Spatial coordination of chloroplast and plasma membrane activities in chara cells and its disruption through inactivation of 14-3-3 proteins Biochemistry (Moscow) 70: 55-61.

7. Villareal TA, 2004. Single-cell pulse amplitude modulation fluorescence measurements of the giant diatom Ethmodiscus (Bacillariophyceae). Journal of Phycology 40: 1052-1061.

8. McMinn A, Hegseth EN, 2004. Quantum yield and photosynthetic parameters of marine microalgae from the southern Arctic Ocean, Svalbard. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 84: 865-871.

9. Villareal TA, Morton SL, 2002. Use of cell-specific PAR-fluorometry to characterize host shading in the epiphytic dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus. Marine Ecology 23: 127-140.

10. Goh C-H, Hedrich R, Nam HG, 2002. Evidence for the functional organization of chloroplasts in adaxial guard cells of Vicia faba leaves by single cell analysis. Plant Science 162: 965-972.

11. Goh C-H, Dietrich P, Steinmeyer R, Schreiber U, Nam H-G, Hedrich R, 2002. Parallel recordings of photosynthetic electron transport and K+-channel activity in single guard cells The Plant Journal 32: 623-630.

12. Szyroki A, Ivashikina N, Dietrich P, Roelfsema MRG, Ache P, Reintanz B, Deeken R, Godde M, Felle H, Steinmeyer R, Palme K, Hedrich R, 2001. KAT1 is not essential for stomatal opening. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98: 2917-2921.

13. Ralph PJ, Gademann R, Larkum AWD, 2001. Zooxanthellae expelled from bleached corals at 33℃ are photosynthetically competent. Marine Ecology Progress Series 220: 163-168.

14. Goh C-H, Hedrich R, Schreiber U, 2001. Osmotic stress induces inactivation of photosynthesis in guard cell protoplasts of Vicia leaves Plant Cell and Physiology 42: 1186-1191.

15. Snel JFH, Dassen HHA, 2000. Measurement of light and pH dependence of single-cell photosynthesis by fluorescence microscopy. Journal of Fluorescence 10: 269-273.

16. Goh CH, Schreiber U, Hedrich R, 1999. New approach of monitoring changes in chlorophyll a fluorescence of single guard cells and protoplasts in response to physiological stimuli Plant Cell and Environment 22: 1057-1070.

17. Schreiber U, 1998. Chlorophyll fluorescence: new instruments for special applications. Garab G, ed. Photosynthesis: Mechanisms and Effects. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

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