作者：  Yurii A Krutyakov^1,2,3, Alexey A Kudrinsky^1,3, Alexander A Gusev^4,5, Olga V Zakharova^4,5, Alexey I Klimov¹, Alexey D Yapryntsev⁶, Pavel M Zherebin¹, Olga A Shapoval⁷ and Georgii V Lisichkin¹ 

¹ Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Lenin Hills, Moscow, 119991, Russia

² Grand Harvest Research International Development Limited, 7 Ronda Doctor Turró, 9-B, Mataró, Barcelona, 08303, Spain

³ National Research Centre 'Kurchatov Institute', Akademika Kurchatova pl. 1, Moscow, 123182, Russia

⁴ Derzhavin Tambov State University, 33, Internatsionalnaya Street, Tambov, 392000, Russia

⁵ National University of Science and Technology 'MISIS', 4, Lenin avenue, Moscow, 119991, Russia

⁶ Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia

⁷ Pryanishnikov All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Agrochemistry, 31 A, Pryanishnikova st., Moscow, 127550, Russia

摘要：Modern agriculture calls for a decrease in pesticide application, particularly in order to decrease the negative impact on the environment. Therefore the development of new active substances and plant protection products (PPP) to minimize the chemical load on ecosystems is a very important problem. Substances based on silver nanoparticles are a promising solution of this problem because of the fact that in correct doses such products significantly increase yields and decrease crop diseases while displaying low toxicity to humans and animals.

In this paper we for the first time propose application of polymeric guanidine compounds with varying chain lengths (from 10 to 130 elementary links) for the design and synthesis of modified silver nanoparticles to be used as the basis of a new generation of PPP. Colloidal solutions of nanocrystalline silver containing 0.5 g l−1 of silver and 0.01–0.4 g l−1 of polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) were obtained by reduction of silver nitrate with sodium borohydride in the presence of PHMB. The field experiment has shown that silver-containing solutions have a positive effect on agronomic properties of potato, wheat and apple. Also the increase in activity of such antioxidant system enzymes as peroxidase and catalase in the tissues of plants treated with nanosilver has been registered.